Quantized Vortices in Helium II氦的量子漩渦 II

內(nèi)容概要

This book discusses the properties of quantized vortex lines in superfluid helium-4 in the light of research on vortices in modern fluid mechanics，and gives the first comprehensive treatment of the problem。The author begins with a review of the knowledge of classical fluid dynamics which is relevant to the main topics of the book。This is followed by a presentation of basic material on helium II and quantized vortices。The following chapters deal with various different aspects of the subject，and the book concludes with substantial introductions to two currently active topics，namely superfluid turbulence and the nucleation of quantized vortices。Both quantum tunnelling and thermal activation nucleation processes are also discussed，including the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in thin films。The author's comprehensive approach will make this book invaluable for students taking advanced undergraduate or graduate courses，and for all those involved in research on classical and quantum vortices。

書籍目錄

Preface1 Background on classical hydrodynamics  1.1 Equations of motion。potential flow and vorticity  1.2 Creation of vorticity in classical viscous flow  1.3 vortices  1.4 Rotating fluids    1.4.1 Equations of motion in a rotating frame，Rossby and Ekman numbers    1.4.2 Spin-up  1.5 Laboratory generation of thin line vortices  1.6 Dynamics of classical vortex rings and the localized induction approximation  1.7 WaYeS on vortex lines and rings：stability of    VOrtices    1.7.1 Helical waves of constant amplitude    1.7.2 Solitary kink waves    1.7.3 Instability of paralleI vortices  1.8 B6nard convection and Taylor-Couette flow  1.9 Brownian motion and escape over barriers2 Background on liquid helium II  2.1 The two.fluid model  2.2 Elementary excitations in helium II  2.3 First ideas about quantized circulation and vortices    2.3.1 Onsager’S quantization of circulation    2.3.2 Feynman VOrtices  2.4 Early experimental evidence for quantized vortices    and circulation    2.4.1 Minimization of free energy    2.4.2 Second sound and quantized vortices.Mutual    friction    2.4.3 Experiments on quantized circulation    2.4.4 Vortex-free rotation of the superfluid  2.5 Ions and vortices：evidence for quantized vortex    rings and lines    2.5.1 Experiments on quantized vortex rings    2.5.2 Experiments on quantized vortex lines  2.6 Rotation of an annulus  2.7 vortex waves  2.8 Quantum mechanics and superfluidity.Phase slip    2.8.1 11he Bose gas    2.8.2 The Bose condensate    2.8.3 The Madelung transformation    2.8.4 Ginzburg—Pitaevskii theory    2.8.5 Phase slip 3 Vortex dynamics and mutual friction  3.1 Vortex dynamics  3.2 Uniformly rotating helium II  3.3 Frequency and velocity dependence of B and B    Temperature dependence of the coefficients of mutual friction  3.4 Microscopic form of mutual friction and the Iordanskii force  3.5 111e lifetime and range of vortex rings  3.6 Axial mutual friction，the vortex.free strip and metastability 4 The structure of quantized vortices  4.1 Vortex rings in helium II  4.2 Vortex rings in a Bose condensate  4.3 The bound excitation model  4.4 The Hills..Roberts theory  4.5 Interactions of ions and of vortices  4.6 The mobility of ions along vortices  4.7 He condensation onto vortex cores5 Vortex arrays  5.1 Vortex arrays in a rotating bucket  5.2 Photographs of vortex arrays　……6 Vortex waves7 Superfluid turbulence8 Thermal activation and nucleation of quantized vorticesReferencesIndex

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